dream recall

These articles discuss the topic of dream recollection -what are some things that help (or hurt) one's ability to recall their dreams?  

Sleep Apnea and Nightmare Recall

Name of Review Item: 
The Nightmares of Sleep Apnea: Nightmare Frequency Declines with Increasing Apnea Hypopnea Index
Media Type: 
Paper
Author/Creator: 
J. F. Pagel, M.S, M.D.; Carol Kwiatkowski, Ph.D
Name of Reviewer: 
Michael C. Willis
Date of Review: 
04/01/2019
Stars: 
4
This scientific paper explores the frequency of nightmares among those to suffer from OSA, or Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
 
To begin, the nightmare is defined as "a disturbing mental experience that generally occurs during REM sleep and often results in awakening. The typical  nightmare is a coherent dream sequence that seems real and becomes increasingly more disturbing..." Nightmares can evoke all kinds of negative emotions, but the most frightening can be those where imminent physical danger can be sensed.
 
Wikipedia defines Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) as "the most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by complete or partial obstructions of the upper airway. It is characterized by repetitive episodes of shallow or paused breathing during sleep, despite the effort to breathe, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation. These episodes of decreased breathing, called "apneas" (literally, "without breath"), typically last 20 to 40 seconds."
 
This paper's purpose is to clarify the correlation between the severity of OSA and the frequency of nightmare recall in a large selection of patients in a laboratory setting. Over a two year period, a selection of 393 patients were observed polysomnographically at an American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) accredited sleep laboratory. The patients were surveyed about their dreams and nightmares with general sleep questions incorporated into the questionnaire so as to minimize skewed reporting by the patients. The age range was normally distributed, and 33% were female, 67% male. OSA usually affects men more than women - please see the Wikipedia page for details.
 
REM sleep is the stage most susceptible to abnormal breathing events, so we could say that OSA "selectively suppresses" REM sleep because the cognitive ability to remember REM sleep experiences is diminished in patients with more severe OSA. Nightmares are generally thought to occur during REM sleep, while other dreaming happens at all stages of sleep. The scientists who conducted this study concluded that because people with severe apnea are not able to remember their REM sleep dreams as well as people with less severe (or no) apnea, that this is the reason nightmare recall among those diagnosed with severe OSA was acutally found to decrease linearly with the severity of diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. And, this happens independently of normal dream recall.
 
People might be tempted to say this is a good thing - after all, if you can't remember your nightmares as much, wouldn't that mean a better quality of life? Not really, folks. Quoting from the paper, "OSA is known to result in cognitive deficits that include declines in working memory and deficits in frontal cortex executive functions"
 
If you suffer from sleep apnea and your blood oxygen saturation drops during the night because your breathing slows or stops periodically, you could be causing damage to your body which could mean secondary cognitive and alertness issues for yourself. Lots of OSA sufferers report being sleepy a lot during the day. I know when I'm sleepy, my brain is usually not functioning at its best. This can lead to all sorts of problems if left untreated: irritability, poor work performance, even falling asleep at the wheel.
 
In conclusion, we can now say that as the severity of a person's OSA goes up, their ability to remember nightmares goes down due to diminished cognitive process around the incorporation of REM sleep dreams into waking life. This is because nightmares typically happen during REM sleep and REM sleep acitivity is most affected by OSA. And contrary to what one might think, this is not a good thing because it means your overall ability to remember your REM sleep dreams goes down while the disease causes other kinds of problems for your body.
 
 

Lo and Behold

So I’m thinking to myself, “Self, I know that when I meditate regularly, my ability to remember my dreams gets better, and when I don’t meditate this ability tends to go away. How can I find a way to back this up with science?”

So then my self had a great idea, and I went looking for proof on the Interwebz. Lo and Behold, I found an article over at Science Daily that supports this notion by saying that, “During meditation, theta waves were most abundant in the frontal and middle parts of the brain.” You can check it out here: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100319210631.htm

When I read that, some of the hairs on the back of my neck stood up. I recently wrote a couple of reviews of scientific studies that asked questions about how we can predict when people can remember their dreams, and increased theta activity in the frontal cortex was a predictive factor in both studies. My reviews are here and here

So there you have it, folks. If you want to remember your dreams and have a more active, rewarding experience when you’re in the subtle world, meditate regularly. Training the mind to be in a state where frontal theta activity is increased is a scientifically proven way to get there. No drugs, no crystals, no magic...just good old meditation. 

One approach to improving recall of experiences had in the subtle world ...

IT'S INTERESTING HOW IN NEARLY ALL CASES OF DREAM RECALL we describe the circumstances we found ourselves in by talking about what we saw. Although there may be remembered other sensations we had experienced – such as hearing music, tasting food, smelling some fragrance, etc. – one would be hard pressed to find records of people describing their dreams from only tactile or taste or smell or auditory memories. Likewise the distinctness of these memories is a result of some recalled experience having been either vivid or having been experienced in a state of some clarity of mind.

     We are certainly challenged on a daily basis in so many circumstances where sensory overload can easily lead to a mind being tugged at in several directions at once. If we add to that some particular problem we’re concentrating on and trying to solve or some new thing we’re trying to create either of which can be interrupted by our surroundings then it becomes easy for the mind to become fragmented and distracted. It would certainly make sense that entering the subtle world with an agitated or easily distracted mind could easily result in an agitated or distracted (disjointed, fragmented) experience.

      Conversely if we are able to cultivate a clear mind that can either be called into activity at will or silenced and held at bay at will then it makes sense any self-generated fragmentation of the dream experience might be significantly reduced.

     That kind of mental agility could certainly be practiced on a regular basis through efforts to think systematically and methodically on some thing – then to stop the mind and hold it clear for a short amount of time – then to again purposefully exercise the mind … and repeat this cycle many times. Over time this could become habit. Since so much of what we do in the subtle realm is habitual then it’s possible such mental habits would also carry over there. And that would have a direct impact on the clarity of our experiences and therefore our recall afterwards.

How a Vegetarian Diet Affects Dream Recall

I have not read any books about this subject myself, but I thought I’d write a quick post about my actual experience trying this experiment.

In general, after a 2 - 6 week initial adjustment to the diet, my dreams become more vivid and they are easier to remember in the morning. When I’m eating meat, they are generally darker (they contain less light) and are much harder to recall.  On a vegetarian diet, my dreams are more often peaceful, serene, or even uplifting.  When eating meat, it’s more common for me to experience dreams relating to anxiety and fear (nightmares).  I also require less sleep when vegetarian -6.5 hours on average- and I wake up refreshed and full of energy; when eating meat, I need 8 - 8.5 hours and get up very slowly and feel heavy and tired.

These are observations, but I don’t have a theory for why this happens the way it does.  I’ll write some conjecture, but please leave comments down below if you have any other ideas.

My first idea is that the emanations of terror, panic, and suffering animals undergo when slaughtered is somehow “lodged” into the tissues and fibers of the meat that I then later eat. Those emanations are then absorbed into my own body and I feel them as fear and anxiety of my own.  Fear and anxiety are antithetical to a free-flowing, peaceful, and joyful life –the very things that are conducive to an active and productive waking and dreaming life.  

My second idea is that decay in general, but decaying meat in particular, attract unwelcome guests from the subtle world.  Guests who resonate with the emanations of death and decay, as opposed to life, love, and joy.  It’s a possibility, but I need more time and research to flesh out the details of this conjecture.

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